Hydrogen Separation, Ammonia manufacture, Carbon Dioxide recovery, Urea Synthesis

Green Urea

We can use plants matter like coconut shell, corn stalks, rice husks, palm oil husks, Napier grass, pineapple skins and sawmill waste to capture the hydrogen from water using photosynthesis and energy of the sun.  Biomass can store this hydrogen at low cost and allow its transport to processing plants.

This hydrogen can supplement or replace green electricity PEM electrolysis. 

Approximately 250 dry tonnes of biomass will yield 12 tonnes of hydrogen when heated and steam reformed. This could be used to make 68 tonnes of ammonia, which in turn can be used to make 120 tonnes of urea.  The 44 tonne of carbon dioxide use to make urea is the same amount as if the process started with natural gas except:

• Natural gas is a fossil fuel and biomass can be sustainably harvested and is very often found in agricultural and municipal wastes
• The macro and micronutrient in biomass are recycled and there is not phosphorus or potassium or micronutrients in natural gas so chemical fertilisers very often lack these nutrients
• Plants can be grown locally and do not need foreign natural gas.
• Green Urea promotes local jobs
• Agricultural waste is concentrated in area where fertilisers will be used minimising feed stock and fertiliser transport.